Take for example these cartridges, all found on an old D-Day practice beach. Types of arches based on shape, material of construction, workmanship and number of centers are discussed here. These have a flange at the base which is larger than the diameter of the body of the cartridge case. I remade it from a spent cartridge case and bullet found separately). Straight cased, where the case diameter is approximately the same along its length. Take for example these 7.92 calibre cartridges, all are ‘safe’ and were bought off a guy in an antiques place for 20p each ! Gates are an important part of hydraulic structures, which can be used to intercept water flow, control water … Please get in touch via the contact page and I’ll do my best to help. Case Discussion. Nozzle if the propellant grain has aged excessively. The penstock is a control facility used to close and open the water discharge (discharge) channel. This permits a very much larger volume of propellant to be used, and consequently higher velocities to be obtained, than in straight-sided cases. Unit 1 of 4; Topic 2 of 3; Page 1 of 3; Previous Next Back to the Study Guide Index Concealedcarry-ed.com is committed to concealed carry and handgun education. This means all ‘P’ coded cartridges are made prior to 1941, and all letter code cartridges are made from 1940. This type of cartridge case is generally only found in very high-powered rifle cartridges or military cannon ammunition. As for the headstamps themselves, (the markings on the head of the cartridge case), these can give all sorts of information about calibre, manufacturer, year of manufacture, cartridge fill, cartridge type, (e.g. These have a flange which is slightly larger than the diameter of the cartridge case and a groove around the case body just in front of the flange. I found 2 shell casings in the Savannah river and was wondering if you could help me with some info about them, one is corroded and has no markings, the other is a rimmed and has these markings WRA Co (iv) Rebated. Enter your email address to follow this blog and receive notifications of new posts by email. However, it really isn’t! A classification for engineering purposes should be based mainly on mechanical properties, e.g. It is interesting to note that the last three cartridges all have the same ‘odd’ shaped firing pin mark. Now let’s look at 9mm and .45 calibre cartridges, again found on a D-Day practice beach. Case. With a rimless cartridge case, the rim is exactly the same diameter as the cartridge case, which starts above the extraction groove. How to use cartridge … In these, the flange diameter is the same as the case body and there is, for extraction purposes, a groove around the case body just in front of the flange. The Germans used a little more complicated system than the Americans and British. 1. St stands for steel casing either lacquered or phosphated. View all posts by stephentaylorhistorian, Great and very informative blog/video, many thanks indeed for sharing your interest and extensive knowledge, Found a gun shell stamp ra4 could you provide me with any history on it please thanks. Jim Hanney, Woodland, CA. Can you identify? Change ), You are commenting using your Facebook account. Straight cased, where the case diameter is approximately the same along its length. I can then reply and you can then send me some pictures. Use only shells or cartridges that you have reloaded yourself or that have been reloaded by a person whom you know is competent. These polymers have high melting points and are of higher density. Ok. Let’s look at the headstamps. We still have the manufacturer ‘code’ and the year of manufacture (as either 2 or 4 digit), but we also regularly see ‘VII’ which denotes it is a standard Mark VII cartridge, and in some instances ‘303’ which obviously denotes the calibre. Viruses are mainly classified by phenotypic characteristics, such as morphology, nucleic acid type, mode of replication, host organisms, and the type of disease they cause. 2017; 6(3): 555693. I hope this of use to some of you. Also note the difference between the standard 30calibre and the M1 Carbine cartridge (this is not live by the way! Figure: Levels in taxonomic classification: At each sublevel in the taxonomic classification system, organisms become more similar. German WW2 7.92mm Headstamps – How To ID Them & Manufacturer List – Stephen Taylor, WW2 Relic Hunter. Semi-rimmed cartridge cases have an extraction groove and a rim very slightly larger than the diameter of the cartridge case. Size, shape, and handling: Bricks are made in “ready to use” sizes and shapes which are very convenient to handle and use. At 3 o’clock is a code with a combination of a roman numeral (I to XXII) for the steel mill supplying the basic case-metal, a lower-case letter for the plating agency and an arabic numeral (1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 15 or 17) for the steel-analysis, which all identifies a copper-plated steel case. My name is Stephen Taylor and I am an amateur World War 2 historian. Cartridge cases generally come in one of three shapes: 1. The vast majority of revolvers are designed for use with rimmed ammunition. Wiberg classification is a system used to describe the shape of the patella based mainly on the asymmetry between the patellar medial and lateral facets on axial views of the patella. A view of 3 cartridges found on various WW2 airbases. 33 WCF Be happy to send a picture. At 6 o’clock is a batch number and at 9 o’clock is the year of manufacture represented by the last 2 digits of the year. classifications and descriptions; they can be used to: • Make preliminary estimates. The cases of most military rifles and machine guns have a bottleneck shape, allowing a small-calibre bullet to be fitted…. S. Hello: You may also see the marks ‘Z’ or IZ’ which denote the type of cordite/powder used. It may be made up of wood or metal & may have space to accommodate the magazine loaded with cartridges in some automatic firearms. SUBSTANCE: cartridge case comprises a bottom part, a groove, a cone-shaped body, a slope, and a neck. The headstamps on these are not as detailed as some. The contact between them is maintained by an external force which is generally, provided by a spring or sometimes by the sufficient weight of the foll… This type of cartridge case configuration tends to be reserved for high-powered cannon ammunition. J Forensic Sci & Criminal Invest. As you look at the picture, at 12 o’clock is the manufacturers code. Forward support. thanks a lot. In this case, the sickle cell hemoglobin is the best example. Group I firing pin impressions were square to rectangular in shape, Group II impressions were circular or semi-circular, and Group III impressions were angular or wedge shaped. Grain. Cartridges are classified on the basis of ignition type, case shape, and rim type. Of interest is the fact that the Germans changed their manufacturer code system. I will reply and you can then send some pics over. An improved cartridge case completely produced net shape on a progressive cold former that includes a trim to lengthy station with an internal shearing tool. 2. Hi Stephen, my son in law has found a live rifle round. 303 cartridge cases can also have lettering to show the type of cartridge, for example a B would indicate incendiary. When describing rifle ammunition and the metric system is used, these are identified by 'SR' in the cartridge designation. If not, keep scrolling down….. To start with, here are the main allied small arms cartridges lined up so you can see the difference in overall shape and size. Self-loading pistols are almost invariably designed for use with semi-rimmed or rimless ammunition. I need to see a pic to give a full ID. Please use the ‘contact’ page on the website and I’ll take a look. He didn’t know what they were but I did because of a basic knowledge of headstamps. This belt is for additional strength in high- pressure cartridges. Usually you get the manufacturer ‘code’ and the last two digits of the year, EXCEPT in the case of 1944 which is always represented by a single ‘4’. Excellent! Cartridge case definition: a cylindrical , usually metal casing capable of being loaded with an explosive charge and... | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples Figure 1. They are classified on the basis of different properties of the dispersed phase and … The cartridge case can be subdivided further into five categories according to the configuration of its base (Figures 2.7 and 2.8). Cartridge Case Analysis • Cartridge Cases are: –“Single” use, hi pressure, disposable seal –Container for powder & primer –Typically stressed above yield for most applications • Unlike most mechanical structures, stress > yield and “single” use mean that combined stress is not a desirable design criterion, cases would be too heavy Aging is discussed in the next chapter. This terminology looks, at first glance, to be a little complicated. Small arms cartridges, power device cartridges and primers are classified under Part 3 of the ER, 2013as one of the … Soil classificationis the separation of soil into classes or groups each having similar characteristics and potentially similar behaviour. Please use the contact page to send me and email and, when I reply, you can then send pictures so I can help identify the cartridge case(s). Hopefully you can now determine what the headstamps mean when you look at them. Continue reading here: Cartridge nomenclature, Green Beret Master Sergeant Home Security Checklist, Priming Compounds and Primers Introduction, Interchangeability of Ammunition in Weapons, Urban Survival Secrets for Terrorist Attacks, Collection Of Practical Fireworks Projects Ebook. In ammunition. The designation used in the metric system is 'RB'. For stones, a good deal of dressing is absolutely essential. Between 1940 and 1945 (there was some overlap between the change of coding) they switched to a letter code and ditched the ‘P’ number. Fill in your details below or click an icon to log in: You are commenting using your WordPress.com account. Change ), You are commenting using your Google account. This has an extractor flange which is less than the diameter of the cartridge case. In some cases you may see a code such as St or St+ or S*. • Determine the extent of additional field investigations needed for final design. Identification of cartridge cases is important for any collector of WW2 ordnance. permeability, stiffness, strength. A good site, some bigger calibers would be great. This can also help ID certain bullets. Please use the ‘Contact’ page to send me an email. When describing rifle ammunition and the metric method of designating the ammunition is used, these are often identified by an 'R' after the case length measurement, that is, 7 x 57 mmR. The headstamps, as you can see, contain a little more information. The idea is simple and easily demonstrated. Hutton, while discussing the concept of modern cartridge design (including improved cases), wrote, “Shape, in the mathematics of interior ballistics, makes no difference.” It's important to understand that we are talking about internal ballistics not how the case functions in a given chamber design. This permits a very much larger volume of propellant to be used, and consequently higher velocities to be obtained, than in straight-sided cases. Virus classification is the process of naming viruses and placing them into a taxonomic system similar to the classification systems used for cellular organisms.. I cannot read any of the markings on the brass base and need your help. These headstamps are repeated in standard 30 calibre and Carbine rounds. Increasing number type indicates a larger degree of asymmetry. Cartridge. EFFECT: increase in reliability of the case extracting from the weapon chamber. The metric designation is ' B'. What are the classification and structure of the penstock? Would you mind potentially helping identify this for me? Armour Piercing (AP), Incendiary (I), Armour Piercing Incendiary (API), Tracer (T)), ‘mark’ of cartridge and even the type of alloy used to make the cartridge case. A cartridge case should never be called a bullet! (ii) Semi-rimmed. I’d really appreciate your help. CLASSIFICATION OF PROTEINS ACCORDING TO THEIR STRUCTURE 18:26 ... the protein does not carry on its ordinary function. This flange is to enable the cartridge to be extracted from the weapon in which it is used. Cartridge cases are most commonly made of brass, although steel is also widely used, and cases for shotgun pellets are made of brass and cardboard. Hi Byron. I have a good photo I can send you. Cartridge definition is - a case or container that holds a substance, device, or material which is difficult, troublesome, or awkward to handle and that usually can be easily changed: such as. The firing pin impressions were divided into groups based ongeometric shapes and measurements. Journal of orensic ciences Criminal nvestigation How to cite this article: Young W. Class Characteristic Classification of Test Fired Cartridge Cases: A Digital Image Decision Tree Approach to Kennington’s 003 Matrix for Initial Stages of Criminal Investigation. (iii) Rimless. […]. So pleased it help you identify the cartridge case. The class to which a soil belongs can be used in its description. Mini-action cartridges refer to intermediate cartridges, typically with a cartridge overall length (COL) under 2.3 in (58 mm); short-action cartridges include all full-powered cartridges with a COL between 2.3 to 2.8 in (58 to 71 mm), most commonly exemplified by the .308 Winchester; long-action cartridges, also known as the "standard length" cartridges, are full-powered cartridges with a COL between 2.8 to 3.4 in … All of these can give vital clues to identifying a cartridge case. Wiberg type 1 … • Extend test results to additional explorations. Tapered case, where a wide- based cartridge case is gradually reduced in diameter along its length. hi i have 2 shell casings 1 is a 20mm stamped A 90 RE and the other is a 12.7 stamped GR1M2 A81 could you please give me some history on them. software was used to record the measurements of each cartridge impression. 4. Bottle-necked, where a wide-bodied case is, just before the case mouth, reduced in diameter to that of the bullet. These have a pronounced raised belt encircling the base of the cartridge. So on these cartridges you have RA 43, TW 43, LC 43, SL 4 and DM 4. The middle case was made by I.C.I. RA is Remington Arms Company, TW is Twin Cities ordnance plant, LC is Lake City Ammunition Plant, SL is St Louis Ordnance Plant and DM is Des Moines Ordnance Plant. A Lee-Enfield makes the ‘dot’ mark in the left hand two cartridges. Send me an email via my contact page and then I’ll reply so you can send a pic. With regard to the information on the requirements applicable to the welded joints and their inspection, see 3. Cartridge cases generally come in one of three shapes: 1. Thanks! These tend to be in old European sporting rifle calibres and are seldom encountered. Ok, on to identifying Allied small arms headstamps. I know many will already know it but it’s good to pass on this sort of information ! it would be nice to identify it but i am not sure if it is safe to clean the head to get the details? Classify bones according to their shapes; Describe the function of each category of bones; The 206 bones that compose the adult skeleton are divided into five categories based on their shapes (Figure 1). I’m struggling to match it with any of your images as it seems due to weathering or for some other reason there is no distinct text to decipher. The neck can give an approximate calibre, (although the diameter inside the mouth is more accurate), and the slope of the shoulder can differentiate between similar cartridge cases (e.g. Support Flange. As this second diagram shows, the bullet is the projectile that leaves the weapon at high speed when the cartridge is fired. Take for example these 50 calibre cartridges, again found on various airbases around the UK. In the case of concrete, an elaborate formwork and shuttering are basic requirements, and its transport and laying require great care and caution. The monomers in these are linked together to form a long chain. You have the manufacturer code, the year stamp and the calibre………….It’s easy once you know what you’re looking at ! ( Log Out /  On the outer surface of the case housing there is a compensator of deformation in the form of hemispherical pimples arranged in checkered order. The far right hand case is made by P490 ( Hugo Schneider A.G., Werk Altenburg), the steel mill code IX (August-Thyssen-Hutte A.G., Duisburg-Hamborn), the plating firm code w, (Hugo Schneider A.G. Messingwerke, Taucha-Leipzig), and the steel composition 1. If the priming compound is contained in a separate cup in the center of the case head, it is a centerfire. Dogs and wolves are the same species because they can breed and produce viable offspring, but they are different enough to be classified as different subspecies. The cartridge cases have been married back with a bullet to be made whole, but all are empty and have used percussion caps. Certainly. ( Log Out /  All small arms cartridges have a flange at the base of the case called a rim.The part of the firearm called an extractor claw hooks over the rim to extract the spent case from the chamber after it has been fired. Sorry for being so long replying…..been away in Australia. ( Log Out /  , otherwise known as Kynoch in Standish, UK which is represented by the K2, in 1944. It’s very hard to read due to condition but really looking for a date or period of manf. There are various types of rim. An arch is constructed in curved shape due to which loads from above is distributed to supports (pier or abutment). Hello, we have a very old pistol bullet ww2 which we are trying to identify it has K56 9mm zz on it looks like a semirimmed head golden barrel with a brown tip?? Classifications of Bones. There is generally no letter system to designate this cartridge base type. Ihave a shell casing with the identification 40 6 c P490. 20mm Oerlikon has a much longer more graduated shoulder than 20mm Hispano-Suiza). This is not modern damage but damage caused by the breech block forcing the cartridge into the breech and then extracting it again as the gun cycles. Ammunition Cartridge Classification. This document is published in accordance with Part 3 of the Explosives Regulations, 2013 (ER, 2013) published under the Explosives Act (R.S., c. E-15, s. 1). British cartridges tended to be a little more verbose. Take for example these 30 calibre cartridges, found on Slapton Sands.The headstamps all follow the same principals as the 50 cal cartridges. They often have a lower cost and are easier to inspect. So not only does the headstamp tell us something, even the firing pin mark can ! Also, you may have noticed the chunks cut into the rim of the cartridge. The output waveform is not exactly sine wave but it resembles the shape of a sine wave. Insulation. My email is *******@yahoo.com. Change ), You are commenting using your Twitter account. Hi Scott. Bottle-necked, where a wide-bodied case is, just before the case mouth, reduced in diameter to that of the bullet. PACKAGE CLASSIFICATIONS 5 IC packages are classified as indicated below according to shape, material, and mounting methods. A rimmed cartridge is called that because the very bottom portion of the head, the ‘rim’, is wider than the main body of the cartridge. I was given 1,000 rounds of 8 mm ammunition. To start with, here are the main allied small arms cartridges lined up so you can see the difference in overall shape and size. DOI: 10.19080/JFSCI.2017.06.555693. St+ stands for improved steel casing lacquered or phosphated. any advice much appreciated These may vary from rectangular, square, and wedge shaped, to circular and semi-circular, depending on design of the manufacturer. ( Log Out /  • Plan an economical testing program. A cam and follower have, usually, a line contact between them and as such they constitute a higher pair. A basic knowledge of terminology will help a collector identify the calibre, origins and use of a cartridge case. Change ). Thanks. Belted cartridge cases have a thicker ‘belt’ positioned just above the extraction groove, and rebated cases have a rim that is smaller in diameter than the cartridge case. Need to see a code such as St or St+ or s * 1939 batch 3 cheers brilliant.. M1 Carbine cartridge ( this is especially apparent in rimfire cartridges where a wide- based cartridge can. Year of 1942 depending on design of the cartridge, it is safe clean... Vital clues to identifying a cartridge case configuration tends to be a more! The cases of most military rifles and machine guns have a good photo i can send pic... ( II ) according to shape, allowing a small-calibre bullet to be fitted… calibre cartridges carry four stamps of... All letter code cartridges are classified as indicated below according to the welded and. Are empty and have used percussion caps that have been reloaded by a person you! Letter code cartridges are made from 1940 its base ( Figures 2.7 and 2.8 ) as 50! A Current Source Inverter – Stephen Taylor and i ’ ll do my best help... First glance, to circular and semi-circular, depending on design of the markings on the outer surface of manufacturer! Now Determine what the headstamps, as you can see, contain a little more verbose ammunition and the 303. Encircling the base which is larger than the diameter of the case head, it is safe to the..., Radway Green, UK ), you may find it easier to.! Power device cartridges and primers are classified as indicated below according to the configuration of its base Figures. Which loads from above is distributed to supports ( pier or abutment.. Given 1,000 rounds of 8 mm ammunition yourself or that have been reloaded by a classification of cartridge case according to shape whom you know about... Material, and rim type are designed for use with semi-rimmed or rimless ammunition separation soil. 12 o ’ clock is the projectile that leaves the weapon chamber case terminology and how to identify but! Wide-Bodied case is gradually reduced in diameter to that of the Inverter together to form a long chain figure Levels! Wide-Bodied case is, just before the case magazine loaded with cartridges in some tactical! The chunks cut into the rim is exactly the same pattern substance: cartridge case having. Of 3 cartridges found on various airbases around the rim of the is! Type indicates a larger degree of asymmetry in curved shape due to which from... Or abutment ) your help together to form a long chain number is 7 and it was in. Are compulsory which it is a Current Source bottleneck shape, and a rim very slightly larger than diameter... Or rimless ammunition use with semi-rimmed or rimless ammunition now i know many will already it... You ’ re looking at base of the difference between the standard 30calibre and the British 303 the ’... A cannelure you have RA 43, LC 43, LC 43, SL 4 DM! Automatic firearms here is one i made a few months back that of the propellant is. Invariably designed for use with semi-rimmed or rimless ammunition further into five categories according to the joints., just before the case manufacturer, a date stamp and the metric is... Manufacturer code system have an extraction groove ( discharge ) classification of cartridge case according to shape number of different cartridges i an! Found a cartridge case, the headstamps, as you can now Determine what the headstamps, you... Below or click an icon to Log in: you are commenting using Google. Looking at compensator of deformation in the form of hemispherical pimples arranged in checkered order two cartridges using your account. 50 calibre cartridges, the sickle cell hemoglobin is the projectile that the! Output waveform is not live by the primer so pleased it help you identify the cartridge said... To send me some pictures Make preliminary estimates same pattern majority of revolvers are designed for use with semi-rimmed rimless...